The RobotCub Approach to the Development of Cognition

This paper elaborates on the workplan of an initiative in embodied cognition: RobotCub. Our goal here is to provide background and to motivate our long-term plan of empirical research including brain and robotic sciences following the principles of epigenetic robotics

Status Report on the Low-Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA)

The 75-keV injector and 6.7-MeV RFQ that comprise the first portion of the cw, 100-mA proton linac for the accelerator production of tritium (APT) project have been built and operated. The LEDA RFQ has been extensively tested for pulsed and cw output-beam currents <=100 mA. Up to 2.2 MW of cw rf power from the 350-MHz rf system is coupled into the RFQ, including 670 kW for the cw proton beam. The emittance for a 93-mA pulsed RFQ output beam, as determined from quadrupole-magnet-scan measurements, is ex x ey = 0.25 x 0.31 (pi mm mrad)2 [rms normalized]. A follow-on experiment, to intentionally introduce and measure beam halo on the RFQ output beam, is now being installed.Comment: Paper TUD14 for the XX International Linac Conference (LINAC2000), 3 pages, 10 figure

New mobilities across the lifecourse: a framework for analysing demographically-linked drivers of migration

Migration, along with fertility and mortality, is one of the fundamental drivers of population change. Taking the lifecourse as the central concern, the authors set out a theoretical framework and define some key research questions for a programme of research that explores how the linked lives of mobile people are situated in time-space within the economic, social and cultural structures of contemporary society. Drawing on methodologically innovative techniques, these perspectives can offer conceptually significant and policy relevant insights into the changing nature and meanings of migration across the lifecourse

Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space

GDP growth is often measured poorly for countries and rarely measured at all for cities. We propose a readily available proxy: satellite data on lights at night. Our statistical framework uses light growth to supplement existing income growth measures. The framework is applied to countries with the lowest quality income data, resulting in estimates of growth that differ substantially from established estimates. We then consider a longstanding debate: do increases in local agricultural productivity increase city incomes? For African cities, we find that exogenous agricultural productivity shocks (high rainfall years) have substantial effects on local urban economic activity.economic growth; remote sensing; urbanization; income measurement

Double Bubbles in Assets Markets with Multiple Generations

We construct an asset market in a finite horizon overlapping-generations environment. Subjects are tested for comprehension of their fundamental value exchange environment, and then reminded during each of 25 periods of its declining new value. We observe price bubbles forming when new generations enter the market with additional liquidity and bursting as old generations exit the market and withdrawing cash. The entry and exit of traders in the market creates an M shaped double bubble price path over the life of the traded asset. This finding is significant in documenting that bubbles can reoccur within one extended trading horizon and, consistent with previous cross-subject comparisons, shows how fluctuations in market liquidity influence price paths. We also find that trading experience leads to price expectations that incorporate fundamental value.Asset Markets, Price Bubbles, Laboratory Experiments, Overlapping Generations

Radio Spectrum and the Disruptive Clarity OF Ronald Coase.

In the Federal Communications Commission, Ronald Coase (1959) exposed deep foundations via normative argument buttressed by astute historical observation. The government controlled scarce frequencies, issuing sharply limited use rights. Spillovers were said to be otherwise endemic. Coase saw that Government limited conflicts by restricting uses; property owners perform an analogous function via the "price system." The government solution was inefficient unless the net benefits of the alternative property regime were lower. Coase augured that the price system would outperform the administrative allocation system. His spectrum auction proposal was mocked by communications policy experts, opposed by industry interests, and ridiculed by policy makers. Hence, it took until July 25, 1994 for FCC license sales to commence. Today, some 73 U.S. auctions have been held, 27,484 licenses sold, and $52.6 billion paid. The reform is a textbook example of economic policy success. We examine Coase‘s seminal 1959 paper on two levels. First, we note the importance of its analytical symmetry, comparing administrative to market mechanisms under the assumption of positive transaction costs. This fundamental insight has had enormous influence within the economics profession, yet is often lost in current analyses. This analytical insight had its beginning in his acclaimed early article on the firm (Coase 1937), and continued into his subsequent treatment of social cost (Coase 1960). Second, we investigate why spectrum policies have stopped well short of the property rights regime that Coase advocated, considering rent-seeking dynamics and the emergence of new theories challenging Coase‘s property framework. One conclusion is easily rendered: competitive bidding is now the default tool in wireless license awards. By rule of thumb, about$17 billion in U.S. welfare losses have been averted. Not bad for the first 50 years of this, or any, Article appearing in Volume II of the Journal of Law & Economics.

ECONOMICS OF SOME SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS WITH REFERENCE TO ANIMAL WELFARE

Livestock Production/Industries,

Expectancy Damages for Breach of Contract: A Primer and Critique

This Article is devoted primarily to describing and analyzing the conceptual framework within which courts traditionally have awarded expectancy damages—the “primer” and “critique” of the title. Expectancy rules lie at the center of traditional theory and are widely accepted. In many instances, however, they create problems in application and thus frequently are ignored by the courts. The existence of several different and contradictory bases for recovery in any given suit creates further problems

Automated detection of asteroids in real-time with the Spacewatch telescope

The Spacewatch telescope on Kitt Peak is being used to survey for near-earth asteroids using a Tektronix TK2048 CCD in scanning mode. We hope to identify suitable low delta v candidates amongst the near-earth asteroid population as possible exploration targets, to identify those objects which pose a danger to life on earth, and to study the physical properties of the objects in near-earth space. Between Sep. 1990 and Jun. 1991, 14 new earth-approaching asteroids including 1 Aten, 9 Apollo, and 4 Amor type asteroids were detected by automated software and discriminated by their angular rates from the rest of the detected asteroids in near-real time by the observer. The average of about 1.5 earth-approaching asteroids per month is comparable to the total number found by all other observatories combined. One other Apollo type asteroid was detected by the observer as a long trailed image. The positions of this last object were measured and the object was tracked by the observer in real time. This object was determined to be a 5-10 meter diameter object which passed within 170,000 kilometers of earth. Of the 14 automatically detected earth-approaching asteroids, 10 have been found at distances in excess of 0.5 AU from earth. An average of more than 2000 asteroids are detected each month. Positions, angular rates, and brightnesses are determined for each of these asteroids in real-time

Aspects of Fijian syntax: a GPSG analysis

This thesis presents a basic Generative Grammar for the Fijian language. To be more precise it presents a grammar for the dialect spoken by Rev. Samuela Tamata, a native of the island of Kadavu. The data gathered from my informant supplemented (and typically confirmed) two non-Generative Grammars of Fijian which were at my disposal. These were Milner (1956) and Schuetz (1985). The former is a paedogogical work aimed at acquainting the beginner with the rudiments of Fijian. The latter provides a comprehensive description of the Fijian language based on extensive recent survey work. Unfortunately only a fraction of this work is devoted to sentence structure, the subject of this thesis.After setting the linguistic and non-linguistic background in Chapter 1, I proceed to outline the Generative Grammar which I assume for the majority of the thesis, namely Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar as presented by Gazdar et al. (1985).Chapter 3 then presents several revisions of the standard model. These were principally motivated by aspects of Fijian syntax e.g. the revision of the Subcategorization mechanism in the light of Object agreement on Verbs and the rejection of Slash Termination Metarules so that Unbounded Dependencies could terminate in Subject position.Chapter 4 provides a detailed analysis of the four subclasses of Noun i.e. Names, Pronouns, Common Nouns and Numerals. This is followed by an examination of Person and Number in conjoined Noun Phrases, a topic of particular interest to GPSG.Chapter 5 proceeds to an examination of various NP modifiers such as Adjective Phrases, Prepositional Phrases and Relative Clauses. The internal structure of Relative Clauses is however taken up in Chapter 8.Chapter 6 outlines the structure of the Fijian clause and comes to the perhaps surprising conclusion for a GPSG analysis that the Sentence is a projection from the Inflection rather than the Verb. (This IP analysis is however advocated in the Government and Binding theory of Chomsky (1986)).Chapter 7 attempts to deal with the variations in phrase ordering in Fijian. This involves firstly the introduction of a second [SLASHj-like feature to account for double extractions and secondly the positing of twin heads in flat VSO structures.In Chapter 8 we turn to Fijian Unbounded Dependencies, principally Topicalization and Relativization. We here present the evidence which led to our rejection of Slash Termination Metarules in Chapter 3 and argue against the need for the [WH] feature in Fijian Relative Clauses or Constituent Questions.CChapter 9 outlines the two raising constructions in Fijian; Subject-to-Subject Raising with impersonal verbs such as RAWA "possible" and Subject-to-Object Raising with verbs such as NUITAKA "expect". The latter construction is of particular interest since the rival Government and Binding theory claims that it is universally unacceptable!In Chapter 10 I change theoretical frameworks and present Government and Binding analyses of two topics of particular interest to that theory; namely multiple adjunction structures and Head-to-Head movement.Finally the Appendix includes a suggestion for an alternative Head Feature Convention for GPSG which operates on a more constrained notion of "Free Head Feature"